Advancing gender equality in construction in New Zealand

 

Insights into New Zealand's construction industry.

In New Zealand, the construction industry is a key pillar of the economy, accounting for 10.7% of the total workforce. As of 2023, approximately 308,500 workers are employed in this sector — an increase of 13,700 compared to 2022. This impressive growth places construction as the third-largest employing industry in the country.
 
Additionally, the construction sector contributes around 6-7% of New Zealand’s GDP, underlining its significant role in shaping the nation's economic landscape [1].
 
The graph below outlines the sustained growth of the construction sector over the past decade. 
 
Figure 1. Annual employment in construction sector (year ended June 2013-2023). Highlights the growth in construction employment, with detailed data for the year ending June 2023.
 
-    Image source: MBIE
 
Despite this growth, gender diversity remains a challenge. In 2023, there were 48,600 [2] women employed in construction. This means that women represent a mere 14% [3] of the total construction workforce, which raises questions about gender equality in this traditionally male-dominated industry.

Why are there so few women in construction?

Several factors contribute to the underrepresentation of women in the construction industry:
 
  • Environmental challenges: Issues like inadequate facilities on construction sites can discourage women from entering or staying in the industry.
  • Lack of representation: Without enough women role models in leadership roles, it becomes difficult to attract and retain female talent in the sector.
  • Limited progression opportunities: Fewer opportunities for mentorship and networking reinforce the perception of unequal pay and gender discrimination.
  • Stereotypes: Gender stereotypes and unconscious bias persist. These factors can create an unwelcoming culture, which hinders recruitment campaigns that encourage more women to join the industry.
A recent report by the Human Rights Commission into bullying and harassment in the construction sector in New Zealand showed: 
 
  • For 69% of workers subjected to harassment or bullying, the perpetrator was someone in a more senior position.
  • In 69% of cases, the person harassing or bullying the worker was someone in a more senior position.
  • 73% of bullying was done by men.
The stats speak for themselves. Hostile environments and unwelcoming behaviour from male counterparts continue to deter female workers from pursuing careers in construction.

Emerging talent

Nearly one-third of women in the construction industry work in office and administrative roles, while only 1% of men occupy similar positions. However, recent efforts to promote gender diversity have led to an increase in the number of women entering construction trades and professional services.
 
According to the Ministry of Education, as of December 2022:
 
  • There were 1,926 female apprenticeships in the construction industry
  • This demonstrates a 10% increase compared to the same period in 2021
This increase in training opportunities for women represents a promising shift toward a more diverse workforce.

Advocating for change

From inadequate facilities to bullying and harassment, women have started speaking out about their experiences within the industry.
 
Willow Roltan is one of many female leaders who publicly advocates for women in trades in the hopes of effecting change for fellow and future workers.
 
"It absolutely blows my mind that the majority of the time when you work residentially, you have portaloos on-site that don't come with sanitary bins (or sinks/soap) unless asked for, which generally comes at a cost." Willow Roltan, qualified dogman, and crane operator, previous Chapter Chair for NAWIC Queenstown Lakes. (source: NAWIC)
 
While individual perspectives are instrumental in starting a conversation about gender inequality, the onus lies with employers and government organisations to implement strategies that create a more welcoming environment for women in these industries.
 

Diversity initiatives and resources

NAWIC

One of the key organisations supporting women in the industry is the National Association of Women in Construction (NAWIC), which advocates for greater inclusion and provides resources and networking opportunities.
 
In August 2023, the Ministry of Education signed a 2-year sponsorship agreement with NAWIC as part of the Women in Leadership Community initiative. The agreement encourages women to pursue, establish and sustain successful careers in the construction industry [5].
 
  • Awards: NAWIC celebrates women's achievements with programs like the Excellence Awards, recognising outstanding contributions to the industry, and Future Leaders for Women in Trades, which supports the development of emerging female talent.
  • Events: NAWIC hosts events such as We Belong in Construction, designed to foster inclusion, provide networking opportunities, and highlight the importance of gender diversity in the sector.
  • Resources: NAWIC offers various resources, including mentoring programs, career development tools, and networking opportunities that support women in their construction careers.

Trade Careers

Trade Careers NZ is dedicated to increasing the participation of women in the trades by offering support and creating pathways into traditionally male-dominated industries.
 
Their key initiatives include:
  • Keep It Decent guidelines [6]: Provides guidelines aimed at fostering a respectful and inclusive workplace culture, ensuring women in the trades feel safe, supported, and respected. These guidelines promote positive behaviour and help address issues like harassment and misogyny in the workplace.
  • Advocacy and awareness: Raise awareness about the importance of gender diversity in the trades and challenge the stereotypes that discourage women from entering these fields. They work to shift perceptions and create more inclusive environments.
  • Education and outreach: Collaborate with schools, training providers, and businesses to encourage young women to consider trades as a viable career path by providing career development resources.
  • Employer support: Work closely with employers to develop inclusive recruitment strategies and implement gender-diverse policies.
  • Mentorship and networking: Offer mentorship programs and networking opportunities for women in trades, building a supportive community where women can share experiences, access guidance, and form connections.
  • Career growth: Facilitates pathways into apprenticeships and training programs, connecting women with employers and helping them gain the skills needed to succeed in the trades industry.

Long-term solutions

It is crucial to address systemic challenges to ensure women have equal access to career progression and leadership roles. Roltan emphasises that change must start at a leadership level.
 
"We need to be having more conversations which spark action regarding this, if not to help ourselves then to help future women who are coming through the trades industry. It would be great to see some of the larger construction companies lead by example and show others the way.” (source: NAWIC)
 

Tips for improving gender equality in your construction company

  1. Implement Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DE&I) strategies: Construction companies should promote gender diversity and inclusion in their workplaces. This can involve awareness campaigns and unconscious bias training.
  2. Promote women to leadership positions: Increasing the number of female leaders is key to breaking down gender stereotypes and providing role models for the next generation of female construction workers.
  3. Establish mentorship and networking programs: Mentorship programs can offer valuable support for young women entering the industry, while networking opportunities can help build connections that promote career growth. 
  4. Integrate policies: Workplace policies, such as equal pay and paid parental leave, can help close the gender gap and create a more supportive environment. Flexible work arrangements and zero-tolerance policies for discrimination also play a critical role in creating an inclusive culture.
  5. Address workplace facilities: A common complaint is the lack of female toilets/Portaloos on site. Installing a separate women's toilet with a lockable door, bin and nearby hand-washing facilities is a basic necessity that can create a more welcoming and comfortable environment for women in construction.
Diversity isn’t the only challenge facing New Zealand’s construction industry. From supply chain issues to skills gaps, discover the latest insights with our FY24/25 Construction Report.
 
References
 

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